Methods of Pain Relief in Children Literature review

Methods of Pain Relief in Children - Literature review Example Research has shown that management of pain in children and infants is more often than not inadequate, despite evidence that pain in these age groups can be managed effectively and safely through proper dose adjustment and safe clinical practices. It is important to control pain in infants and children because of the unwanted and devastating consequences they have. Some evidence has shown that procedures performed in a neonatal period without proper control of pain can increase distress during future procedures like immunizations. In children, the memory of a bad experience on the first occasion of a procedure can increase the amount of pain and distress in subsequent procedures due to anxiety and anticipatory fear. Pain during procedures can lead to stress which can contribute to negative cognitive, social, physiological, psychological and emotional outcomes not only for their children but also for their family members. According to the American Academy of Paediatrics, "the concepts of pain and suffering go well beyond that of simple sensory experience. It has emotional, cognitive and behavioral components as well as developmental, environmental and socio-cultural.† Thus, it is very important to manage pain in infants and children adequately and appropriately. Such an effective clinical practice is possible through "thorough current knowledge of analgesics, age-specific doses, appropriate routes of administration and possible side effects." Another important aspect of pain management in children is that only pharmacological pain management is ineffective and for successful pain relief, "a family-centered approach combining pharmacological methods with psychological and behavioral methods is needed for the optimum comfort of children ».

Marketing internship report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing internship report - Essay Example my internship at Plush Karaoke, I had a special focus on acquiring knowledge on the different strategies employed for marketing and promotion of services in the organization. To ensure this was effectively understood, I had to partake in the numerous marketing and promotion activities of the organization, among which were advertising, sales promotion, selling, and the public relation (Steinke 145). In Plush Karaoke, promotion was used for the purpose of expanding the market, as well as retaining its current position in the market. Similarly, this organization employed promotional strategy for the purposes of presenting a corporate viewpoint in regard to the public issues (Steinke 142). The organization also found promotional strategies as being key to reaching the target markets for its products. Among the organizational goals herein were the identification of particular promotional objectives and goals for the purposes of providing information on the services. On the other hand, there was the need to differentiate the services, stabilize sales, increase the sales, as well as accentuating the service value. Among the promotional practices offered by the organization, which I took part in their marketing and promotion were; happy Thursday, expansion of craft beer, adding a second TV in each room, barber cut machine, new song selections, sports programming at bar area, music video at bar area and refreshed food menu. The sales promotion practice included many forms such as personal selling, advertising and public relation for the purposes of increasing the sales via the one-time efforts of selling. In addition, the organization considered the sales promotion practice as an important part in the promotional mix (Steinke 143). I got engaged in Point-of-Purchase Advertising (POP), which involved demonstrations and displays for promoting the services through video advertisements on the shopping charts of supermarkets. Another important practice was the specialty